13: Threaten
CAMEO 130: Threaten, not specified below
DescriptionAll threats, coercive warnings not otherwise specified.
Usage NotesThis event form is a verbal act. This residual category is not coded except when distinctions among CAMEO 131 through 136 cannot be made.
ExamplePresident Reagan has threatened further action against the Soviet Union and in an international television programme beamed by satellite to more than 50 countries.
CAMEO 131: Threaten, non-force, not specified below
DescriptionAll non-force threats not otherwise specified.
Usage NotesThis event form is a verbal act. It contains sub-forms for more detailed coding whenever possible. Note that in cases where non-force threats are actually carried out CAMEO 160 through 166 should be used instead.
ExampleIran on Tuesday threatened to cut off electricity to the autonomous Azerbaijani republic of Nakhichevan over non-payment of bills, the official IRNA news agency reported.
CAMEO 1311: Threaten to reduce or stop aid
DescriptionThreaten to reduce or stop the giving of aid.
Usage NotesThis event form is a verbal act. Use it to code for threats and warnings by source actors to halt or reduce provision of aid, typically presented as protests against particular actions or policies of target actors. Refer to CAMEO 162 for reported reductions or haltings of aid.
ExampleAfrican states today threatened to withdraw their peacekeeping force from Chad unless President Goukouni Oueddei arranged a ceasefire with rebels fighting to topple his government and held elections within four months.
CAMEO 1312: Threaten to boycott or embargo
DescriptionThreaten to boycott or impose embargoes, restrict normal interactions explicitly as a protest or retaliatory measure.
Usage NotesThis event form is a verbal act. Use it to code for organized restrictions or restraints imposed typically on commerce and similar transactions as a way to protest or punish other actors.
ExamplePalestinian leaders said they would boycott all official contact with the United States.
ExampleA French minister threatened today to impose import restrictions against West Germany goods today as the leaders of the two countries sought to ease tensions in Franco-German relations.
ExampleDruze inhabitants of the Syrian Golan Heights threatened today to hold a general strike unless Israel rescinded its annexation of the region within 10 days.
CAMEO 1313: Threaten to reduce or break relations
DescriptionThreaten to reduce or formally sever ties.
Usage NotesThis event form is a verbal act. Use it to code threats to declare independence, resign, withdraw diplomats, reduce or break diplomatic ties, etc. Note that this event form is distinct from those under CAMEO 16, which refer to actual reductions in relations and not mere threats.
ExampleThe Azerbaijani parliament threatened on Monday to secede from the Soviet Union unless the Kremlin withdrew its troops from the republic.
ExamplePakistan today threatened to break off diplomatic relations with Zaire and Costa Rica over their ties with Israel on the eve of a visit here by Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) Chairman Yasser Arafat.
CAMEO 132: Give ultimatum
DescriptionGive a final warning or ultimate demand or order.
Usage NotesThis event form is typically a verbal act. Use it to code final demands, rejection of which carries the risk of some form of retaliation by the party issuing the ultimatum.
ExamplePeru has issued an ultimatum to Ecuador to halt attacks across their disputed jungle border.
CAMEO 133: Threaten to halt negotiations
DescriptionThreaten to halt discussion, negotiation, or meeting.
Usage NotesThis event form is a verbal act. Use it to code for threats and warnings by source actors to halt negotiations, typically presented as protests against particular actions or policies of target actors.
ExampleThe Soviet Union has threatened to stop negotiations to reduce long-range nuclear weapons if the United States goes ahead with the planned deployment of new medium-range nuclear missiles in Europe, the Washington post reported today.
CAMEO 134: Threaten to expel or withdraw peacekeepers
DescriptionThreaten to expel peacekeeping forces deployed within territories controlled by the source actor or to withdraw peacekeepers from the host country.
Usage NotesUse this event form to code verbal threats to expel or withdraw peacekeeping forces; reported expulsions and withdrawals should be coded as CAMEO code 164 instead.
ExamplePakistan will be forced to withdraw its troops from the peacekeeping mission in the West African state of Sierra Leone amid rising tensions with India, chief military spokesman Major-General Rashid Qureshi told AFP Thursday.
CAMEO Code 135: Threaten to halt mediation
DescriptionThreaten to halt mediation activities.
Usage NotesThis event form is a verbal act. The source for this event is typically the mediating party(ies). Use this event form to code for threats and warnings by source actors to halt mediation, typically presented as protests against particular actions or policies of target actors, who are typically the negotiating adversaries in this case.
ExampleThe European Community may halt mediation efforts among Yugoslavia's feuding republics if cooperation by all the parties founders, Dutch Foreign Minister Hans Van den Broek said on Tuesday.
CAMEO Code 136: Threaten force, not specified below
DescriptionThreaten to use force not otherwise specified.
Usage NotesThis event form is a verbal act; threats that involve mobilization of armed forces should be coded as CAMEO 153 instead. This event form category contains sub-forms for more detailed coding whenever possible.
ExampleOsama bin Laden's al-Qaeda terror network has threatened to deliver devastating blows to the United States and Israel, a Saudi-owned weekly reports.
CAMEO Code 1361: Threaten blockade
DescriptionThreaten to prevent entry into and/or exit from a territory.
Usage NotesThis event form is typically a verbal act and is distinct from CAMEO 192, which refers to military occupations that have been or are being carried out.
ExampleNATO confirmed on Wednesday it would tighten the naval blockade of the rump Yugoslav state in the Adriatic with Albania's help.
ExampleRadical French farmers said on Friday they would blockade Paris from Monday night to demand an end to the European Community's drastic farm reform.
CAMEO Code 1362: Threaten occupation
DescriptionThreaten to occupy, seize control of the whole or part of a territory.
Usage NotesThis event form is typically a verbal act and is distinct from CAMEO 192, which refers to military occupations that have been or are being carried out.
ExampleEthnic Albanians have sworn to fight until they gain control of villages near Macedonia's border with Kosovo, Macedonian officials said Wednesday.
CAMEO Code 1363: Threaten unconventional attack
DescriptionThreaten to use unconventional violence, including terrorist activities.
Usage NotesThis event form is typically a verbal act and is distinct from unconventional attacks that are actually carried out (CAMEO 18).
ExampleHamas threatened Monday to resume terrorist activities in Israel in an escalation of the intifada (uprising).
CAMEO Code 1364: Threaten conventional attack
DescriptionThreaten to attack, use conventional weapons against a party.
Usage NotesThis event form is typically a verbal act.
ExampleMoscow tonight warned Japan it could face a retaliatory strike if it agreed to the deployment of more weapons aimed at the Soviet Union.
ExampleIran today threatened to launch a new military offensive in its Gulf war with Iraq unless Baghdad accepted its conditions for ending the 28-month-old conflict.
ExampleIran threatened to shell Iraqi towns today in retaliation for an air raid on the southern city of Susangerd where, it said, 100 people were killed.
CAMEO Code 1365: Threaten with weapons of mass destruction
DescriptionThreaten to use non-conventional weapons (nuclear or CBR attacks) against armed forces, a population or territory.
Usage NotesThis event form is typically a verbal act.
ExampleA terror group based in Trinidad claims to be manufacturing chemical and biological weapons to use against the United States and Britain, according to a media report Sunday.
Example NotesBecause of the compound target, two events are coded in this example.