16: Reduce Relations

• 160: Reduce relations, not specified below
• 161: Reduce or break diplomatic relations
• 162: Reduce or stop aid, not specified below
• 1621: Reduce or stop economic assistance
• 1622: Reduce or stop humanitarian assistance
• 1623: Reduce or stop military assistance
• 163: Halt negotaitions
• 164: Expel or withdraw peacekeepers
• 165: Halt mediation
• 166: Impose embarge, boycott

CAMEO 160: Reduce relations, not specified below

DescriptionAll reductions in normal, routine relations not otherwise specified.

Usage NotesThis residual category is not coded except when distinctions among CAMEO 161 through 166 cannot be made.

ExampleItaly announced a suspension of air links with Yugoslavia on Wednesday, one day after a Yugoslav army jet shot down a helicopter carrying EC truce monitors.

CAMEO 161: Reduce or break diplomatic relations

DescriptionCurtail, decrease, break, or terminate diplomatic exchange.

Usage NotesCancellation of meetings, withdrawal or expulsion of diplomats and termination of other similar diplomatic activities should be coded under this event category.

ExampleA French minister has cancelled a planned visit to Haiti after a state of siege was declared in the one-time French colony, the Foreign Affairs Ministry said on Sunday.

ExampleSwitzerland said today it had expelled two Soviet diplomats based in Geneva for spying, adding to a long series of espionage scares.

CAMEO 162: Reduce or stop aid, not specified below

DescriptionReductions or terminations of aid not otherwise specified.

Usage NotesThis event form category contains sub-forms for more detailed coding whenever possible.

ExampleThe United States announced Wednesday it would prohibit all aid to Albanian rebels in Macedonia and would deny entry to the United States to individuals undermining stability there.

ExampleRed Cross officials suspended aid deliveries in Baghdad on Wednesday after two of their vehicles were hit by gunfire and a staff member went missing.

CAMEO 1621: Reduce or stop economic assistance

DescriptionDecrease or terminate provision of economic aid.

ExampleJapan said on Tuesday it had suspended economic aid to Yugoslavia in line with Western efforts to end the fighting there.

CAMEO 1622: Reduce or stop humanitarian assistance

DescriptionDecrease or terminate provision of humanitarian aid.

ExampleThe United Nations on Tuesday reduced food supplies to the biggest Cambodian refugee camp in Thailand because rice was being diverted to outside users, relief officials said.

CAMEO 1623: Reduce or stop military assistance

DescriptionDecrease or terminate provision of military aid.

ExampleThe United States suspended part of a military aid program for Bosnia aimed at bringing Bosnian Croat and Moslem armed forces together as a unified identity, the New York Times reported on Friday.

CAMEO 163: Halt negotiations

DescriptionTerminate discussions, negotiations.

Usage NotesUse this event form to code for failed negotiations and walk-outs, as well as other disruptions of planned negotiations. Note that the termination can be either unilateral or bi/multi-lateral.

ExamplePalestinians and Israelis failed to reach agreement on the fate of Palestinian offices in east Jerusalem Sunday, despite hours of tense negotiations, sources on both sides reported.

Example NotesThis example is coded as two reciprocal events with the actors reversed. (See the example notes under CAMEO 030 for more explanation.

CAMEO 164: Expel or withdraw peacekeepers

DescriptionDecrease or terminate provision of peacekeeping forces.

ExampleThe European Community is temporarily halting truce monitoring in Yugoslavia until it gets guarantees over the safety of its observers, a spokesman said on Wednesday.

CAMEO 165: Halt mediation

DescriptionTerminate mediation activities.

Usage NotesThe source for this event form is typically the mediating party(ies). Use this event form to code for failed mediation activities.

ExampleSyrian officers today ended mediation efforts between rival militias in Tripoli as shells continued crashing into the north Lebanese port and the death toll rose to more than 200.

CAMEO Code 166: Impose embargo, boycott

DescriptionStop or restrict commercial or other material exchange as a form of protest or punishment.

ExamplePresident Bill Clinton has imposed sanctions on the Taliban religious faction that controls Afghanistan for its support of suspected terrorist Osama bin Laden, the White House said Tuesday.