19: Fight

• 190: Use conventional military force, not specified below
• 191: Impose blockade, restrict movement
• 192: Occupy territory
• 193: Fight with small arms and light weapons
• 194: Fight with artillery and tanks
• 195: Employ aerial weapons

CAMEO 190: Use conventional military force, not specified below

DescriptionAll uses of conventional force and acts of war typically by organized armed groups not otherwise specified.

Usage NotesThis residual category is not coded except when distinctions among CAMEO codes 191 through 195 cannot be made. In addition to unspecified acts of fighting, 'killings' of persons when the weapons used are not specified should also be coded here. Some news leads refer to acts of killing that take place during an attack or some form of military engagement as "murders"; those should be coded here. However, as usage notes for CAMEO code 184 clearly lay out, murders in the real English and legal sense are not coded under this framework. The first example below illustrates how one can differentiate between these two different uses of the verb "murder."

ExampleOne Serb policeman was murdered in an attack on a police patrol by Kosovo Albanians near the border with Kosovo, state agency Tanjug reported Sunday.

ExampleVietnamese and Kampuchean forces were battling for control of a strategic base near the border today, Thai military sources said.

Example NotesThis example is coded as two reciprocal events with the actors reversed. (See the example notes under CAMEO 030 for more explanation.)

CAMEO 191: Impose blockade, restrict movement

DescriptionPrevent entry into and/or exit from a territory using armed forces.

Usage NotesNote that this event form is different from CAMEO code 144 'physical obstruction,' which refers to civilian protest activities that seek to disrupt routine and normal proceedings.

ExampleIsrael Friday reimposed blockades in the West Bank following the shooting deaths of two Israelis a day earlier, a military spokesman announced.

ExampleThe Soviet Union closed its southern borders with Iran and Turkey because of fighting between Azerbaijanis and Armenians, an editor at the official Armenian news agency said.

CAMEO 192: Occupy territory

DescriptionOccupy, seize control of a territory using armed forces.

ExampleVietnamese-led forces have retaken a strategic village in Western Kampuchea after fierce fighting with guerrillas who overran it late last month, Thai military sources said today.

ExampleBurmese government troops have captured part of a Karen guerrilla stronghold on the Thai border after five days of fighting, Thai police here said on Monday.

ExampleIsrael today mounted its long-threatened invasion of South Lebanon, ploughing through United Nations lines on the coast of south of Tyre and thrusting forward in at least to inland areas.

CAMEO 193: Fight with small arms and light weapons

DescriptionAttack using small arms, light weapons and small explosives.

Usage NotesSmall arms include revolvers and self-loading pistols, rifles and carbines, sub-machine guns, assault rifles and light machine-guns. Light weapons include heavy machine-guns, hand-held under-barrel and mounted grenade launchers, portable anti-aircraft guns, portable anti-tank guns, recoilless rifles, portable launchers of anti-tank missile and rocket systems, portable launchers of anti-aircraft missile systems, and mortars of calibres of less than 100 mm.

ExampleSudanese rebels shelled the southern regional capital Juba for the first time in a year on Sunday and Monday, killing about 20 people, relief officials in Nairobi said.

ExampleEgyptian police opened fire to disperse Moslem fundamentalist demonstrators on Monday night, killing one person and arresting 12, security sources said.

ExampleSerb forces killed three ethnic Albanians in a gunbattle in southeastern Serbia Friday, a political council representing ethnic Albanians in the region said in remarks published here Sunday.

CAMEO 194: Fight with artillery and tanks

DescriptionAttack using artillery, tanks and rocket fire.

Usage NotesUse this event form to code for military engagements that involve the use of guns of large caliber that are too heavy to carry, such as cannon or missile launchers that are not portable, and tanks and/or warships.

ExampleVietnamese-led forces launched artillery, mortar and rocket fire against Kampuchean guerrilla camps near the eastern Thai border today, killing or wounding 50, Thai military sources said.

ExampleIsraeli tanks fired four shell bombs at targets in Jericho, witnesses said, in a rare incident in the West Bank city.

CAMEO 195: Employ aerial weapons

DescriptionAttack, bomb from air.

Usage NotesUse this event form to code for bombings from air that involve the use of military aircrafts.

ExampleSoviet aircraft including helicopter gunships killed 46 Afghan civilians in an attack on a village in the western province of Heart.

ExampleIsraeli helicopters and tanks shelled positions of the Palestinian security forces and residential areas near the town of Rafah.